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Gharaei P, Safi S, Hesaraki S, Kakoienejad M M. Biochemical and Histopathological Studies on the Protective Effects of Aged Garlic Extract on Heart and Kidney Injuries Caused by Doxorubicin in Female Mice. ASJ 2023; 20 (2) :67-78
URL: http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-629-en.html

Introduction: Doxorubicin (DOX), a widely used chemotherapeutic agent, is effective against various cancers, but its use is limited due to its dose-dependent toxicity, especially on the heart and kidneys. Traditional medicine and food products have long used garlic extract as an anti-inflammatory agent. This study investigates the protective effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) against DOX-induced cardiac and renal toxicity. 
Methods: Twenty-five healthy female BALB/c mice were randomly divided into five equal groups: Control group (received 2 ml/kg saline serum by gavage for 10 consecutive days), DOX group (received 2 ml/kg saline serum by gavage for 10 days plus intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 15 mg/kg DOX on the 7th day), DOX + 150 mg/kg extract (received 150 mg/kg AGE by gavage for 10 days plus intraperitoneal injection of a single dose of 15 mg/kg DOX on the 7th day), DOX + 300 mg/kg extract (received 300 mg/kg AGE for 10 days plus 15 mg/kg DOX), DOX + 600 mg/kg extract (received 600 mg/kg AGE plus 15 mg/kg DOX). The serum level of creatinine (to evaluate the kidney function), creatine kinase (to assess the heart muscles), total oxidant status (TOS), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured. Histopathological studies were performed on the heart and kidneys. The lesions were graded from 0 to 9 based on their severity.
Results: DOX resulted in significant cardiac and renal damage, evident by macroscopic and microscopic changes and increased serum creatinine and creatine kinase concentrations. The DOX + 150 mg/kg group showed the most significant protective effects (reduced tissue damage and enhanced TAC) compared to the DOX group. Although the groups received higher doses of AGE showed higher TAC, they did not show additional protective benefits and may have compromised renal function.
Conclusion: AGE can effectively reduce DOX-induced toxicity in cardiac and renal tissues of female mice, in a notable dose-dependent manner. Therefore, AGE may be a useful addition to DOX treatment protocols, warranting further investigation into its mechanisms and potential clinical applications.