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G P. Sternal Foramen: A Common Anatomical Variation With Clinical Relevance to Vital Thoracic Structures. ASJ 2023; 20 (2) :63-66
URL: http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-599-en.html

Introduction: The sternal foramen is a congenital defect found in the body of the sternum, resulting from incomplete fusion of its ossification centers. The aim of the present study was to report the occurrence and prevalence of the sternal foramen. 
Methods: This descriptive study analyzed 100 sternums collected from the Department of Anatomy, Panimalar Medical College, Hospital, and Research Institute between April 2021 and April 2022. The presence of a fully formed sternal foramen was assessed by two independent investigators. Damaged or incomplete specimens were excluded. The foramen was measured using a vernier caliper.
Results: Among 100 sternums, 10% exhibited a sternal foramen. The foramen was oval, measuring 8.86 mm in length and 9.45 mm in width. It was located in the lower third of the sternum, with a distance of 68.51 mm from the sternal angle and 13.13 mm from the lower end of the sternum.   
Conclusion: Although often asymptomatic, the sternal foramen is in close proximity to vital thoracic structures, posing a risk for complications during sternal procedures. Additionally, it may be misinterpreted in radiological imaging. Awareness of this anatomical variation is essential for clinicians to minimize potential complications.