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Purpose: Study of the effects of lead on the ultrastructure of uterine endometrium. Materials and Methods: In this study 40 female Balb/c mice with the age of one week were divided into two control and experimental groups. The experimental group were daily injected intraperitoneally 75 microgram per gram of lead nitrate dissolved in physiological serum for two weeks. The mice of control group were received only physiological serum. After the end of the injection period, the mice were anesthetized and dissected, then their uterus were removed and divided into small pieces and transferred into karnovsky solution, After ward they were processed for electron microscope and prepared semithin and ultrathin sections. morphometry on electron micrographs were carried out by point counting and also the number of stromal cells in 50 fields of light microscope were counted too, the data was analyzed with SPSS software and student's T-Test. Results: The endometrium epithelial cells in experimental group in comparison to control one had vacuoles inside the cytoplasm and volume fractions of nucleus to cell and mitochondria to cell were statistically different P<0.05 and also the mean number of the stromal cells had increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: The entrance of the lead to the body from living environment in different ways can have adverse effects on the uterine endometrium.

Keywords: Lead, Endometrium, Ultrastructure, Morphometry

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