Histologic and Histomorphometric Study of Tibial Nerve treated by Hydro-alcoholic Aloe Vera Gel Extract in Diabetic Male Rats Histologic and Histomorphometric Study of Tibial Nerve treated by Hydro-alcoholic Aloe Vera Gel Extract in Diabetic Male Rats 2 1 Introduction: Diabetes mellitus impairs the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which leads to the dysfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system. This study evaluates the effects of an aloe vera hydro-alcoholic extract on diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: For this study, 48 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats(weighed 250-200 g) were randomly divided in to three groups: control (n=16), diabetic + normal diet (n=16), and diabetic + aloe vera extract (n=16). To induce diabetes, an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was administered to rats. The control (normal diet) and diabetic + aloe vera group received 400 mg/kg of aloe vera extract once daily. All groups were maintained for 12 and 16 weeks. The tibial nerves was collected from anesthetized animals for tissue processing. Histomorphometric and histological results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in diameter of the myelinated fibers and myelin sheath thickness. axon diameter particularly after 16 weeks. In the untreated diabetic group endoneural edema, enfolding and irregularity of myelinated fibers was observed(P<0.05). Long-term treatment with aloe vera prevented these abnormalities in the treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera is a potential therapeutic agent that can prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as well as histomorphometric and histological changes. 2 Introduction: Diabetes mellitus impairs the metabolism of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, which leads to the dysfunction of the central and peripheral nervous system. This study evaluates the effects of an aloe vera hydro-alcoholic extract on diabetic neuropathy. Materials and Methods: For this study, 48 healthy male Sprague Dawley rats(weighed 250-200 g) were randomly divided in to three groups: control (n=16), diabetic + normal diet (n=16), and diabetic + aloe vera extract (n=16). To induce diabetes, an intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) was administered to rats. The control (normal diet) and diabetic + aloe vera group received 400 mg/kg of aloe vera extract once daily. All groups were maintained for 12 and 16 weeks. The tibial nerves was collected from anesthetized animals for tissue processing. Histomorphometric and histological results were analyzed by SPSS software. Results: The diabetic rats showed a significant decrease in diameter of the myelinated fibers and myelin sheath thickness. axon diameter particularly after 16 weeks. In the untreated diabetic group endoneural edema, enfolding and irregularity of myelinated fibers was observed(P<0.05). Long-term treatment with aloe vera prevented these abnormalities in the treated diabetic rats. Conclusion: Our findings indicated that hydroalcoholic extract of aloe vera is a potential therapeutic agent that can prevent diabetic peripheral neuropathy, as well as histomorphometric and histological changes. 63 72 2014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/17 1393/2/27 Hamidreza Ghaffari Hamidreza Ghaffari Iran Soghra Gholami Soghra Gholami Iran Majid Naghdi Majid Naghdi Iran Diabetes mellitus Aloe vera Neuropathy Tibial nerve Rats Diabetes mellitus Aloe vera Neuropathy Tibial nerve Rats ## ##

Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Human Bone Marrow and Wharton’s Jelly Comparative Analysis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Human Bone Marrow and Wharton’s Jelly 2 1 Introduction: Bone marrow (BM) is a known source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are used for cell therapy. This study attempts to identify if the Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) is a suitable substitute for BM as a source for MSCs. Materials and Methods: A population of human WJ and BM stem cells were isolated and incubated with fluorescein conjugated antibodies for five specific MSC markers. Cell populations were subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Most of the stem cells isolated from WJ and BM were positive for MSC markers. No significant differences existed between the expression of typical markers of MSCs in WJ isolated cells and that of BM. Conclusion: WJ is a potential replacement for BM as a source of MSCs and can be used for cell therapy in clinical applications. 2 Introduction: Bone marrow (BM) is a known source of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) that are used for cell therapy. This study attempts to identify if the Wharton’s Jelly (WJ) is a suitable substitute for BM as a source for MSCs. Materials and Methods: A population of human WJ and BM stem cells were isolated and incubated with fluorescein conjugated antibodies for five specific MSC markers. Cell populations were subsequently analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: Most of the stem cells isolated from WJ and BM were positive for MSC markers. No significant differences existed between the expression of typical markers of MSCs in WJ isolated cells and that of BM. Conclusion: WJ is a potential replacement for BM as a source of MSCs and can be used for cell therapy in clinical applications. 73 78 2014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Narges Talebian Narges Talebian Iran Kazem Parivar Kazem Parivar Iran Laya Kafami Laya Kafami Iran Mohsen Marzban Mohsen Marzban Iran Maryam Shirmohammadi Maryam Shirmohammadi Iran Mohammad Taghi Joghataei Mohammad Taghi Joghataei Iran Wharton’s jelly Bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells Wharton’s jelly Bone marrow Mesenchymal stem cells ## ##

Relationship between Sperm Parameters and DNA Fragmentation using a Halosperm Kit Relationship between Sperm Parameters and DNA Fragmentation using a Halosperm Kit 2 1 Introduction: tegrity is the most important component for transferring genetic information Sperm DNA fragmentation is considered a component of male infertility. Its assessment comprises conventional semen analysis of which emphasis is placed on its evaluation in fertility clinics. In this study, we investigate the relationship between sperm parameters of motility, morphology, concentration, and DNA fragmentation level (DFLs) in sperm. Materials and Methods: 89: nfertile men were assessed by conventional sperm analysis. DFLs were determined by Halosperm, a sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) which was performed in both groups of patients, the low DNA fragmentation group (LFG≤30%) and high DNA fragmentation group (HFG) 30%. Results: Sperm parameters of concentration (p<0.001), motility (p<0.001) and morphology (p<0.01) in the HFG group were significantly lower than in the LF group after sperm preparation. Logistic regression model showed morphology and motility variables were predictive of DFLs. The cut off points were 5% (morphology) and 50% (motility). Conclusion: Our results have shown a negative relationship between DFLs and sperm parameters after preparation. According to a DF value of >30% in the percent of men with normal semen parameters, the high importance of performing a DF test in the clinic setting in order to determine sperm DNA problems and the presence of sperm abnormalities in patients is recommended. 2 Introduction: tegrity is the most important component for transferring genetic information Sperm DNA fragmentation is considered a component of male infertility. Its assessment comprises conventional semen analysis of which emphasis is placed on its evaluation in fertility clinics. In this study, we investigate the relationship between sperm parameters of motility, morphology, concentration, and DNA fragmentation level (DFLs) in sperm. Materials and Methods: 89: nfertile men were assessed by conventional sperm analysis. DFLs were determined by Halosperm, a sperm chromatin dispersion test (SCD) which was performed in both groups of patients, the low DNA fragmentation group (LFG≤30%) and high DNA fragmentation group (HFG) 30%. Results: Sperm parameters of concentration (p<0.001), motility (p<0.001) and morphology (p<0.01) in the HFG group were significantly lower than in the LF group after sperm preparation. Logistic regression model showed morphology and motility variables were predictive of DFLs. The cut off points were 5% (morphology) and 50% (motility). Conclusion: Our results have shown a negative relationship between DFLs and sperm parameters after preparation. According to a DF value of >30% in the percent of men with normal semen parameters, the high importance of performing a DF test in the clinic setting in order to determine sperm DNA problems and the presence of sperm abnormalities in patients is recommended. 79 86 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Houshang Rafighdoost Houshang Rafighdoost Iran Mir Mehrdad Farsi Mir Mehrdad Farsi Iran Maryam Javadi Maryam Javadi Iran Soraya Khafri Soraya Khafri Iran Spermatozoa Infertility DNA Fragmentation Spermatozoa Infertility DNA Fragmentation ## ##

Plastination and Staining of Brain Slices Using Two Different Dehydration Methods Plastination and Staining of Brain Slices Using Two Different Dehydration Methods 2 1 Introduction: Unstained formalin-fixed whole brain specimens and brain slices do not give satisfactory results for teaching neuroanatomy. In addition, difficulties in obtaining human brains for dissection have increased the demand for more durable brain specimens that have been obtained by the plastination technique. In the present study brain specimens were sliced, fixed and stained using the Mulligan method. Materials and Methods: Plastination was performed after two dehydration methods: standard and stepwise. We measured and compared color fading and shrinkage of the specimens between both methods. Result: There was no color change after dehydration in both methods. Conclusion: According to the results, stained plastinates that have been dehydrated by the stepwise method are suitable for teaching neuroanatomy. 2 Introduction: Unstained formalin-fixed whole brain specimens and brain slices do not give satisfactory results for teaching neuroanatomy. In addition, difficulties in obtaining human brains for dissection have increased the demand for more durable brain specimens that have been obtained by the plastination technique. In the present study brain specimens were sliced, fixed and stained using the Mulligan method. Materials and Methods: Plastination was performed after two dehydration methods: standard and stepwise. We measured and compared color fading and shrinkage of the specimens between both methods. Result: There was no color change after dehydration in both methods. Conclusion: According to the results, stained plastinates that have been dehydrated by the stepwise method are suitable for teaching neuroanatomy. 87 92 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Mohammad Hossein Asadi Mohammad Hossein Asadi Iran Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei Mohammad-Taghi Joghataei Iran Abazar Yari Abazar Yari Iran Hossein Bahadoran Hossein Bahadoran Iran Homayoun Naderian Homayoun Naderian Iran Abolfazl Azami-Tameh Abolfazl Azami-Tameh Iran Staining Acetone Brain Anatomical Models Dehydration Staining Acetone Brain Anatomical Models Dehydration ## ##

Cephalometric Measurements in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease Compared to Healthy Infants Cephalometric Measurements in Infants with Congenital Heart Disease Compared to Healthy Infants 2 1 Introduction: The lack of adequate blood perfusion through different organs of the body, including the brain and skull, can be caused by any type of circulation abnormality. The purpose of this study is to compare cephalometric indices between infants under the age of 12 months who have congenital heart disease (CHD) and normal infants. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on infants aged one to 12 months who were admitted to Heshmat Heart Hospital and 17 Shahrivar Infant Center Hospital, with those who attended Golha-e-Iran Daycare in Rasht. Cases consisted of infants diagnosed with CHD and control group comprised normal healthy infants. Cephalometric indices, along with anatomical measurements of the head and face as measured by a Martin spreading caliper and graded tape measure were obtained. The volume and weight of the brain, and head and face indices were calculated using related formulas, then analyzed by the SPSS statistical software package. Results: There was a significant difference between weight, height, head length and head circumference in cases and controls (P<0.01), however no significant difference in indices such as volume and weight of the brain, head and face width, and head height was observed. Head indices significantly differed between the two groups (P=0.011). Cases had evidence of a hyperbrachycephalic head shape whereas normal infants had a brachycephalic head formation. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the presence of growth retardation caused by CHD. This retardation did not lead to any major anthropometric differences. Possibly, proper diagnosis and effective treatment of these abnormalities could improve the quality of life for infants and children with CHD. 2 Introduction: The lack of adequate blood perfusion through different organs of the body, including the brain and skull, can be caused by any type of circulation abnormality. The purpose of this study is to compare cephalometric indices between infants under the age of 12 months who have congenital heart disease (CHD) and normal infants. Materials and Methods: This case-control study was carried out on infants aged one to 12 months who were admitted to Heshmat Heart Hospital and 17 Shahrivar Infant Center Hospital, with those who attended Golha-e-Iran Daycare in Rasht. Cases consisted of infants diagnosed with CHD and control group comprised normal healthy infants. Cephalometric indices, along with anatomical measurements of the head and face as measured by a Martin spreading caliper and graded tape measure were obtained. The volume and weight of the brain, and head and face indices were calculated using related formulas, then analyzed by the SPSS statistical software package. Results: There was a significant difference between weight, height, head length and head circumference in cases and controls (P<0.01), however no significant difference in indices such as volume and weight of the brain, head and face width, and head height was observed. Head indices significantly differed between the two groups (P=0.011). Cases had evidence of a hyperbrachycephalic head shape whereas normal infants had a brachycephalic head formation. Conclusion: The results of this study confirmed the presence of growth retardation caused by CHD. This retardation did not lead to any major anthropometric differences. Possibly, proper diagnosis and effective treatment of these abnormalities could improve the quality of life for infants and children with CHD. 93 98 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Hassan Voshtani Hassan Voshtani Iran Ebrahim Nasiri Ebrahim Nasiri Sina Khajeh-Jahromi Sina Khajeh-Jahromi Hamed Esmaeili Gourabi Hamed Esmaeili Gourabi Hannan Ebrahimi Hannan Ebrahimi Maryam Akbari Maryam Akbari Sepideh Ranjbar Sepideh Ranjbar Hassan Moladoust Hassan Moladoust Congenital heart disease Cephalometry Anthropometry Infant Congenital heart disease Cephalometry Anthropometry Infant ## ##

Biological Variability of Sweat Gland Pores in the Fingerprints of a Fars Iranian Family from Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran Biological Variability of Sweat Gland Pores in the Fingerprints of a Fars Iranian Family from Khorasan Razavi Province, Iran 2 1 Introduction: Poroscopy is a method of identification in which the characteristics of sweat pores are compared from different aspects. These pore openings are present along the friction ridges found on the distal end of digits, palms and soles in the hands and feet. Materials amd Methods: This study enrolled 100 Iranian males from the Fars family who resided in Khorasan Razavi Province. The average age of participants was 20 years. Pictures of their finger tips and tri-linear A positions of both hands were taken using a Dino-Lite-313 puls and Dino-capture software. Then circle areas of 80l16-5l12 mm2 were considered in all pictures and the numbers of pore ducts of the sweat glands that occurred in these given areas were counted. The results were analyzed by Minitab Statistical Software. The finger and palm printing method was used in order to complete the sampling process. The size, number, position and relative distance of the pores on the fingers and toes were examined in detail. Results: Evaluation of the qualitative results and comparison with the findings of other studies showed morphological variety within the sweat pores of the Fars family of the Iranian population. Conclusion: The variance in morphology and density of these pore canals can probably represent a foundation for classifying humans or applying the same in biological anthropology. 2 Introduction: Poroscopy is a method of identification in which the characteristics of sweat pores are compared from different aspects. These pore openings are present along the friction ridges found on the distal end of digits, palms and soles in the hands and feet. Materials amd Methods: This study enrolled 100 Iranian males from the Fars family who resided in Khorasan Razavi Province. The average age of participants was 20 years. Pictures of their finger tips and tri-linear A positions of both hands were taken using a Dino-Lite-313 puls and Dino-capture software. Then circle areas of 80l16-5l12 mm2 were considered in all pictures and the numbers of pore ducts of the sweat glands that occurred in these given areas were counted. The results were analyzed by Minitab Statistical Software. The finger and palm printing method was used in order to complete the sampling process. The size, number, position and relative distance of the pores on the fingers and toes were examined in detail. Results: Evaluation of the qualitative results and comparison with the findings of other studies showed morphological variety within the sweat pores of the Fars family of the Iranian population. Conclusion: The variance in morphology and density of these pore canals can probably represent a foundation for classifying humans or applying the same in biological anthropology. 99 104 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Mariam Tafazoli Mariam Tafazoli Nasser Mahdavi Shahri Nasser Mahdavi Shahri Hamid Ejtehadi Hamid Ejtehadi Farhang Haddad Farhang Haddad Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi Hadi Jabbari Nooghabi Mehrnoosh Mahdavi Shahri Mehrnoosh Mahdavi Shahri Somayeh Naderi Somayeh Naderi Sweat gland pores Der matogliphic Forensic medicine Sweat gland pores Der matogliphic Forensic medicine ## ##

A report of anomalous renal blood supply A report of anomalous renal blood supply 2 1 Vascular variations and the accidental cutting of veins and arteries potentially create problems during surgery and medical treatment. The surgeon's awareness of a vascular variation in the kidneys is essential during renal surgery and transplantation, color Doppler imaging, gonadal surgery and in the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurism. This awareness can improve the patient's recovery process. The Surgical Department should implement a study of these variations and their statistics in order to present them to students to increase their awareness of such variations. During a routine dissection of the abdominal region of a 35-year-old Iranian male cadaver, we observed right accessory renal vessels. The most common variation of the renal artery is the presence of an accessory renal artery that is upward and on the right side, crossing the inferior vena cava anteriorly toward the kidney. This variation occurs in approximately 30% of cases. This case report highlights the importance of awareness of renal artery variations in the event surgical procedures are performed in this area of the body. 2 Vascular variations and the accidental cutting of veins and arteries potentially create problems during surgery and medical treatment. The surgeon's awareness of a vascular variation in the kidneys is essential during renal surgery and transplantation, color Doppler imaging, gonadal surgery and in the presence of an abdominal aortic aneurism. This awareness can improve the patient's recovery process. The Surgical Department should implement a study of these variations and their statistics in order to present them to students to increase their awareness of such variations. During a routine dissection of the abdominal region of a 35-year-old Iranian male cadaver, we observed right accessory renal vessels. The most common variation of the renal artery is the presence of an accessory renal artery that is upward and on the right side, crossing the inferior vena cava anteriorly toward the kidney. This variation occurs in approximately 30% of cases. This case report highlights the importance of awareness of renal artery variations in the event surgical procedures are performed in this area of the body. 105 110 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Mohammad Reza Darabi Mohammad Reza Darabi Alireza Shams Alireza Shams Saeed Babaei Saeed Babaei Ali Faraji Ali Faraji Cadaver Renal artery Male Anomaly Cadaver Renal artery Male Anomaly ## ##

Two Case Reports of Situs Inversus Totalis Two Case Reports of Situs Inversus Totalis 2 1 Case A, a 27-year-old Iranian male and case B, a 22-year-old Afghani male, both presented to the Emergency Department of Shohadaye Hafte-Tir Hospital with multiple traumas due to car accidents. Neither was aware of his unusual anatomy. One case unaware two just right heart. Both patients were referred to the Imaging Department for CT scans and some radiographic studies. We discovered they were a situs inversus totalis cases with right heart in side and left in the side liver. in CT scan of the thorax and abdomen for assessment of traumatic injuries. Thoracic and abdominal organs and the viscera were inversed complementary. It is important to inform medical personnel of the diagnosis of situs inversus totalis in order to decrease errors and prevent complications that arise from patient assessment and care, particularly in cases of appendicitis and abdominal organ lacerations. 2 Case A, a 27-year-old Iranian male and case B, a 22-year-old Afghani male, both presented to the Emergency Department of Shohadaye Hafte-Tir Hospital with multiple traumas due to car accidents. Neither was aware of his unusual anatomy. One case unaware two just right heart. Both patients were referred to the Imaging Department for CT scans and some radiographic studies. We discovered they were a situs inversus totalis cases with right heart in side and left in the side liver. in CT scan of the thorax and abdomen for assessment of traumatic injuries. Thoracic and abdominal organs and the viscera were inversed complementary. It is important to inform medical personnel of the diagnosis of situs inversus totalis in order to decrease errors and prevent complications that arise from patient assessment and care, particularly in cases of appendicitis and abdominal organ lacerations. 111 116 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 2014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/172014/05/17 1393/2/27 Reza Ahadi Reza Ahadi Hadi Shamshirband Hadi Shamshirband Situs Inversus Totalis Congenital Abnormalities Computed Tomography X-Ray Situs Inversus Totalis Congenital Abnormalities Computed Tomography X-Ray ## ##