per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Hamid Bahramian 1 Foroud Bahmani 2 Ali Akbar Agha Babaei 3 Purpose: Studdy of Curriculum Changes and Sequence of Anatomy Courses on Medical Students Score of Esfahan Medical Sciences University.Materials and Methods: The midterm scores of two groups of medical students both engaged in learning the trunk anatomy and embryology were statistically compared simultaneously. Difference between two groups were as follows: One group had passed limbs anatomy units in previous term, and another group had not passed any anatomy course.Results: The mid scores of the group one in trunk anatomy were 40/03±6/34 (of 65) and in embryology were 28/16±7/22 (of 50) and these scores in group two were 36/64±7/23 and 27/8±7/66 respectively. P value of compared scores were p<000 in both trunk anatomy and embryology.Conclusion: The meaningful difference between two groups scores is mainly due to familiarity of the first group with anatomy nomenclature and skill of three dimensional in carnation obtained during learning the limb anatomy. Although the trunk anatomy and neuroanatomy seems to be the most useful and the most interesting parts of curriculum for medical students , beginning of the curriculum with these two subjects without Any preliminary introduction to anatomy my be difficult and exhausting. Therefore it is better to taking limb anatomy course or having some types of introduction to anatomy before beginning of these two very important subjects. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-508-en.pdf Medical Students Mid Scores Sequence of Teaching Anatomy Trunk Anatomy and Embryology per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Mahmoud Ghasemi 1 Hamid Reza Daneshparvar 2 Vahid Nikmanesh 3 Mohammad Javad Kharazifard 4 Purpose: The aim of this study was to define a standard formula for age estimation based on two dental parameters proposed by Lamendin in Iranian population.Materials and Methods: Immediately after atrumatic extraction of 333 single rooted teeth of deceased bodies with known age and sex in Tehran Medical Legal Organization, the transparency, periodontosis and their indices were analyzed, and age estimated by Lamendin method. The correlations of various parameters were evaluated. A regression analysis was made and the age was analyzed by this method. The differences between estimated age by Lamendin, regression analysis and actual age were studied.Results: The correlation of transparency (0.891) and periodontosis (0.778) for age estimation were greater than their indices (P<0.0001). It seemed that it is better to use these parameters directly in the formula, therefore, separate formula was proposed for men and women. By evaluating the proposed formulas, it was noticed that the lower lateral incisors showed the greatest correlation with actual age.Conclusion: Contrary to Lamendin, in most of the age group of Iranian race population, the lower lateral incisor is more precise tooth to estimate the age based on analysis of two mentioned parameter and also based on the proposed tooth in the present formula, the range of bias reduced and the over and under estimation of more than 5 years is less. It is recommended that the applicability of the proposed formulas to be studied with greater sample size in all age groups in Iranian Medical Legal Organization http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-507-en.pdf Age Determination by Teeth Tooth Anatomy Tooth Root Forensic Dentistry per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Mohammad Reza Jalili 1 Mohammad Esmaeilinezhad 2 Purpose: Currently panoramic radiography is used for diagnostic dental, and bone lesions, but anatomical structures also can see, for example incisive canal. At present time incisive canal position is investigated in Iranian population. Materials and Methods: Panoramic radiographs were taken by Planmeca machine from 412 patients using standard exposure. The position of patient was in compliance with standard protocol. After that mandibular incisive canal was evaluated, and data were analyzed statistically. Results: Mental foramen, anterior loop of mental nerve & incisive canal could be observed in 84.2, 66 & 51.7% of the cases. Respectively lingual foramen wich was observed in only 6.1% of the radiographs. Gender doesn’t affect on the visibility of these structures. There was a relationship between mandibular foramen and canal with age among those six landmarks. The most percent of visibility of all the landmarks was in young group and adults (third and fourth decade).Conclusion: Mandibular incisive canal was considered in 51.7% of cases, it was obsereved that the result obtained was more than those of other researches. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-506-en.pdf Anatomical Structures of Mandible Panoramic Radiography Incisive Canal Mandible per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Mahdi Esmaeilzadeh 1 Purpose: The aim of this study was to determine cranial & facial anthropometric Ratios and assessment of cranial & facial development in Shirvanian kurmanj population. Materials and Methods: This cross sectional analytical study was conducted randomly on 137 boys from shirvan, with normal face patterns. Facial and cranial ratios was estimated and compared. Data were analyzed by SPSS software. The regression line and the growth coefficient were determined for each Parameter. Finally, the mean values of these parameters were determined. Furthermore, the mean anthropometric measurement of Iranians was compared with Canadians. Student-t test was used for comparing the measured values. Results: Shirvanian kurmanj populations were have hypereuryprosopic Face and hypercephalic Cranium form. While getting older, peoples midface height increases, face becomes more prominent, chin becomes shorter and Face and Cranium change to Eurycephalic and hyperleptoprosopic form respectively. Conclusion: Approximately, all of the anthropometric measurements in Shirvanian kurmanj population, Fars race (Resident in Mashhad) and Canadians were significantly different. Considerable the differences in the facial and cranial anthropologic ratios and size among Shirvanian kurmanj population, Fars race (Resident in Mashhad) and Canadians, the results obtained from Canadian and Fars race, should not be applied as criteria for treatment plans. Due to the wide racial combinations in Iran, studies, covering wider scope, should be conducted among different Iranian races. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-505-en.pdf Anthropometry Development Face Cranium Shirvanian Kurmanj Population per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Faranak Tavakolifar 1 Shahverdi Shahverdi 2 Mahdi Pirouz 3 Malek Shakeri 4 Syyed Morteza Korouji 5 Hossein Baharvand 6 Purpose: To compare the effect of laminin and gelatin on short-term culture of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) from neonatal mouse testes.Materials and Methods: Cell suspension containing SSCs were isolated from testes of 6 day-old mice and cultured in the presence of Glial-derived neuroterophic factor (GDNF), Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Basic Fibroblastic Growth Factor (bFGF) on laminin- and gelatin- coated plates for 9 days. Number and area of colonies were measured in 5th, 7th and 9th days after culturing. At 9th day Immunostaining was used to detect expression of SSC markers, a6-Integrin and b1-Integrin. Moreover, the colonies were harvested and the percentage of a6-Integrin and β1-Integrin positive cells was assessed by flowcytometery in both groups.Results: Immunostaining analysis showed that our culture system contained SSC colonies as they were positive for a6-Integrin and b1-Integrin. Additionally, the number of colonies those were formed on laminin were significantly higher in comparison with those of other group. But colony area was higher on gelatin. There was no significant difference in percentage of cells that expressed a6-Integrin, b1-Integrin detected by flow cytometry in both groups. Conclusion: laminin as extracellular matrix cause to increase the number of neonate spermatogonial colonies and decrease the area of them (P£0.05). http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-504-en.pdf Neonatal Mouse Spermatogonial Stem Cell Laminin Gelatin per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Fahimeh Mohammad Ghasemi 1 Masoumeh FaghaniLangroudi 2 Morteza Falah Karkan 3 Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of melatonin on sperm parameters, epididymis and seminal vesicle morphology in adult mouse under chemotherapy. Materials and Methods: Male adult NMRI mice were divided into four groups. The control group received a single dose of DMSO, Group 2 received a single dose of busulfan 20mg/kg. Group 3 was administered melatonin 10mg/kg for 5 days. Group 4 received a 5 days course of melatonin 10 mg/kg following an initial dose of busulfan 20mg/kg. Animals were sacrificed 35 days after treatment and evaluations were made by determining of sperm count and sperm quality, histological study of epididymis, seminal vesicle and measuring of plasma testosterone level. Statistical analyses were performed using ANOVA and Tuckey test. Results: Busulfan significantly reduced sperm count, sperm motility and normal morphology and testosterone level in comparison with that of control group (P<0.01). However, combined treatment increased mentioned parameters in compare with those of chemotherapy treated group (P<0.01). In histological evaluations busulfan resulted in vacuoles in epithelial thickness of epididymis and reduced epithelial cell height in comparison with that of control group (P<0.001). Busulfan reduced semen fluid and epithelial folds and epithelial cell height in seminal vesicle in comparison with those of control group (P<0.001). However, combined treatment, resulted in recovery and normalization of the epididymis and seminal vesicle.Conclusion: Melatonin has protective effect on epididymal sperm parameters, seminal vesicle and epididymis morphology in mouse under treatment with chemotherapy. Although the mechanism is not clear, it acts probably by decreasing oxidative stresses. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-503-en.pdf Melatonin Busulfan Morphometry Epididymis Seminal Vesicle per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Fahimeh Mirakhouri 1 Bahman Zeynali 2 Azita Parvaneh Tafreshi 3 Purpose: The ovary is an example of a developing tissue in which developmental prosses occur throughout reproductive life. We investigate the expression of GSK-3β and β-catenin- Wnt pathway molecules- in the rat ovary during follicular development. Materials and Methods: To induce follicular growth and development, 23 days old immature female rats were injected with 10 IU of PMSG. Forty and forty-eight hours after stimulation with PMSG, the sera was collected for hormone assay, and the ovary were dissected and prepared for immunohistochemistry (IHC( and western blot(WB). Results: Our IHC and WB analysis showed that the expression of pGSK-3β and active β-catenin was increased in PMSG primed rats in compared to those of intact groups. However, the total GSK-3β and β-catenin proteins remain unchanged. Conclusion: The results indicate this idea that gonadotropin (PMSG), stabilized β-catenin in GSK-3β independent manner in the rat ovary during the follicular development. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-502-en.pdf Gsk-3β Β-Catenin Ovarian Follicular Development Rat per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2010-05 8 30 0 0 article Bita Ebrahimi 1 Mojtaba Rezazadeh Valojerdi 2 Popak Eftekhari Yazdi 3 Hossein Baharvand 4 Purpose: Our aim was determination of the sheep oocytes ultrastructural changes follow vitrification and in vitro maturation. Materials and Methods: Good quality isolated cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were randomly divided into non-vitrified control, conventional straw, cryotop and solid surface vitrification groups. In the conventional and cryotop methods the vitrified COCs were plunged directly into liquid nitrogen (LN2), whereas in the solid surface group the vitrified COCs were cooled before plunging into LN2. Fresh and vitrified-warmed healthy COCs were matured in vitro and then their ultrastructural changes were evaluated. Results: The results indicated that vitrification by cryotop and solid surface methods preserved the total arrangement of the ooplasm, whereas conventional straw vitrification disturbed the ooplasm organization. Additionally, the number of vacuoles in the ooplasm increased after vitrification, some of these vacuoles were filled partially or completely with lipids and some had filamentous scaffolding. Also, in the mature oocytes, the amount and the density of cortical granules decreased after conventional straw and solid surface vitrification. Conclusion: Cryotop group compared with other vitrification methods could preserve oocyte ultrastructure properly and create a condition the same as like as the control group. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-501-en.pdf Vitrification In Vitro Maturation Oocyte Sheep