per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 1 16 article Hasan Haghir 1 Yoosef Sadeghi 2 Anatomy Department, Mashhad Medical Sciences University, Mashhad, Iran. Introduction: To explain the performance of fiber dissection technique completely together with some modifications to improve the technique based on the authors experience. Materials & Methods: Fiber dissection technique can be divided into four stages. Stage 1- How to remove the brain from the cranium: the brain should be removed from the cranium less than 12 hours after death. The shorter the interval between the death and removing the brain from the cranium, the better the result would be all efforts must be made in this stage in order to keep the brain intact. To maintain the normal contours of the brain, the basilar artery was ligated and used to suspend the brain in the formalin solution. Stage II- Fixation: the brain must be kept in 4-5 lit. 4% formalin solution to complete the fixation. 4% formalin solution should be changed with new formalin solution after 24 hours and also after 2 weeks. Stage III Freezing: in this stage the brain after washing in water, should be kept in -18 c for one week. If the freezing stage is not successful at the first time, you can repeat it for two or three times. After thawing the freezed brain, it is ready to dissect. Stage IV - Fiber dissection technique: the brain was then dissected using the handmade, thin wooden spatulas with various tip sizes and operating microscope with 6x to 40x magnification. Results: Fiber dissection technique can demonstrate the internal structure of the brain in three dimensions, increases the contrast between the gray matter and white matter. On the other hand, this technique enables us to follow the fine nerve bundles from their origins to endings. These bundles are separated and dissected as thin round fibers or as white matter sheets. Conclusion: We suggest using this technique to demonstrate the internal structure of the brain in three dimensions, and to follow the nerve fiber bundles in human brain because of its excellent results and very low expense. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-317-en.pdf Fiber dissection technique Klingler's technique Human brain per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 17 23 article Mehdi Mehdizadeh 1 Tayebeh Rastegar 2 Maliheh Noubakht 3 Mohammad Taghi Joghataei 4 Kazem Parivar 5 Anatomy Department, Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: Mercuric chloride (HgC12) is a white, poison and cristalin powder which is absorbed through GI and skin, and excreted from kidney. It is used in compound of contrast material and in beauty creams and laxative drugs. Chronic poisoning with mercuric chloride causes sensorial, mobile, behavioral and mental disorders. To study the effect of mercuric chloride on the growth of the embryos. Materials & Methods: 42 rats from Sprague Dawley after seeing vaginal plague that is zero day of gestation were divided into seven groups: one intact group, three control groups that received normal saline solution and three experimental groups that injected mercuric chloride 2mg/kg/Ip in eighth, ninth and tenth days of gestation. Then, embryos were removed from uterus in 15th day and were studied by light microscope. Results: Microscopic study of spinal cord showed that cell death mitosis division, and extracellular space were increased and cell accumulation was decreased. Diameter of ventricular zone has been increased and diameter of mantle and marginal zones, internal and external diameter of spinal cord have been reduced. Conclution: The Present study showed that mercuric chloride as an apoptogenesis caused cell death and loss of neuroblasts that caused develoJ1ment of neural tube disorders. Therefore it has theratogenic effects during gestation period. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-303-en.pdf Mercuric chloride Theratogenic factor Spinal cord Rat per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 25 33 article Hassan Farahi Shalchi 1 Ali Reza Fazel 2 Ghasem Sazegar 3 Anatomy Department, Mashhad University, Mashhad, Iran. Introduction: Originally the word tobacco comes from coniform particle (Y) or a pipe named tobago or tobacco that was used by mexican Indians for inhaling powdered leaves of a plant. Tobacco is addictive and it's consumption hurts the body in different ways. Tobacco have thousands of poisonous chemical compound such as Alkaloid, Nicotin, Nitrociamin and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and also ten other Carcinogenic f substances. To study teratogenic effects of Nicotin in the development of Cartilages and bone formation in developing embryos. Materials & Methods: 50 pregnant Balb/c mice were divided into experimental and control groups. 100 mg/kg nicotin was injected interaperetonealy early on day 10 of gestation. Control group received equal amount of sterile normal saline. All specimens were prepared for histological procedure and stained with alizarin red S. and alcian blue at pH 2.5 using peters's Method. Results: We observed severe reduction in body weight, deleterious development of ossification center and cartilage formation in all experimental new born animals. There was no spontaneous defects among controls. Conclution: Based on this study nicotin might interfas with normal development of cartilaginous as well as osseins tissues. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-316-en.pdf Nicotin Tobacco Assification center Teratogens Cartilage per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 35 39 article Fatemeh Kermanian 1 Mohammad Taghi Joghataei 2 Mahdi Mahdi Zadeh 3 Anatomy Department, Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: To study the side effect of peganum plant on pregnant mice such as abortion or growth retardation. Peganum Harmala is a native plant of Iran. This plant has been used not only for the treatment of asthma, parasitical and microbial diseases but also as an emmenagogue and abortifacient agent. Since P.H. has alkaloids such as Vasicine and Vasicinone which have uterotonic activity like Methergin and Oxytocine, in traditional medicine it has been used for abortion or postpartum hemorrhage. Materials & Methods: In order we injected P.H. intraperitoneally to the pregnant mice in three doses: 6, 15, 30 mg/kg/day from the first up to the 10th day of pregnancy, then we killed the mice in 15-19th pregnancy days. After Laparatomy we extracted fetuses and measured their height and weight. Then the fetuses were stained with Alizarin Red and observed with stereomicroscope for skeletal anomalies. Results: The Results showed that there were no skeletal anomalies. But in comparison with control group, absorption and decrease of height and weight was observed. Conclusion: Since the most absorption of the fetuses was in the last days of pregnancy (18-19th), we believe that P.H. causes abortion by means of affecting on growth and development of fetus. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-315-en.pdf Peganum harmala Abortion Teratogenesis Growth retardation per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 41 46 article Parivar Kazem 1 Mohsen Fadaei 2 Abbas Shokravi 3 Sciences Faculty, Teacher Education University, Tehran, Iran. Introduction: Psoralens are a class of three ring, heterocyclic and planar compounds that exist naturally in a variety of plants and are used in the treatment of a number of epidermal proliferative disorders. The methoxsalen with formula of 9-methoxy-7H furo-[3,2-g][1] benzopyron-7-one belongs to this group. To study the probable effects of methoxsalen drug on developing mouse embryos. Materials & Methods: In this study the methoxsalen was applied alone and together with longwave ultraviolet rays (320-400 nm, UVA) into pregnant Balb/c mice. The standard of LD50 was determind 300 mg/kg and the UVA dose which causes erythema was calculated 0.048 j/cm2. A sublethal dose of 160 mg/kg of methoxsalen solution was injected intraperitoneally to pregnant mice on days 7,8 and 9 of gestation. then, after 2 hours the mice were exposed to UVA radiation of 0.034 j/cm2. Experiments included methoxsalen with UVA and UVA alone. Results: The macroscopic and microscopic studies on the embryos in days 15 of gestation showed significant anomalies at P<0.05 among the experimental embryos compared with the control individuals. In the experimental embryos anomalies included decrease of hepatocytes increase of megacaryocytes increase of nucleated erythrocytes decrease of glomerules and renal tubules numbers. Conclusion: This investigation shows the embryonic defects of methoxsalen during te period of organogenesis. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-314-en.pdf Methoxsalen Longwave ultraviolet rays (320-400 Nm Uva) Teratogenesis Mouse embryo per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 47 51 article Jafar Soleimani-Rad 1 Leyla Rowshangar 2 Khosro Karimi 3 Anatomy Department, Tabriz Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran. Introduction: Human being is continously exposed to electromagnetic fields (EMF) produced by home applienees, diagnostic tools, and industerial instruments. Although there are several investigations regarding the effect of EMF, however, results are not conclusive. The present study is established to investigate the effect of EMF on folliculogenesis and ovulation. Materials & Methods: For this purpose wistar rats are exposed to 50 Gauss EMF for three months 4 hours/day. After this period, ovarian specimens prepared for microscopic studies. In the meantime, number of follieoles and corpora lutei were counted in both group and compared with each other statistically. Results: Microscopic studies revealed that nuclei in oocytes, granulose cells and theacal cells from EMF - exposed rats are more condensed than those in control group. the number of follicoles is higher but the number of corpora lutei is lower than the control group (P<0.001). Further more, atretic and cystic follicoles are frequent in EMF - exposed group. Conclusion: According to the present findings it is concluded that EMF disturbes follicular growth and retards ovulation, through its cytotoxic effect on oocyte and cells of granulosa layer and thechae.   http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-313-en.pdf Electromagnetic field Folliculogenesis Ovary Corpus luteum per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 53 65 article Yousef Mohammadi 1 Mohammad Taghi Joghataei 2 Mahdi Mahdizadeh 3 Anatomy Department, Iran Medical Sciences University, Tehran, Iran. Inguinal canal is an oblique canal in the anterior abdominal wall above the medial port of inguinal Ligament it is about 4cm. contain spermatic cord in male and round Ligament in female. Inguinal canal is a weak part in lower abdominal wall and the weakest part of this region is posterior wall. This weak part is important for surgeons and surgery. Without knowledge of anatomy repair of inguinal hernia is impossible. The aim of this article is the study of the anatomy and clinical points of inguinal canal with emphasies on the weak part of this region. Inverse of innominate fascia, inguinal ligament and external aponeurosis, posterioir wall of inguinal canal (transversalis fascia and transversus muscle) has an important role in the herniation repair it. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-310-en.pdf Inguinal canal Hernia Anatomy Repair of hernia per 4 Anatomical Sciences Journal 17286158 17286158 2003-02 1 1 67 75 article Hasan Farahi Shalchi 1 Ghasem Sazegar 2 Anatomy Department, Mashhad Universiy, Mashhad ,Iran. Introduction: Fixation and preparation of the cadavers for anatomical dissection of the different human organs has been routinly practiced in many medical institutes. Chemicals used for fixation, usually caused too many artifacts including abnormal histological appearance of different organs, unpleasant smell, unfixes materials, etc... .To stablish new method to fix cadavers in order to avoid at least part of above problems. Materials & Methods: Ten cadavers were used and divided into experimental and control groups. Each experimental group received 12 liters of new fixative contaning (Borax Buffer, HCHO; absolute Ethanol; Boric acid; Ethylen glycal; Lisoformin;, potassium nitrate; salicylic acid; H202 and thymol). Control receive regular codaver fixative. The new fixative fluid in all specimens, were injected gradually in the period of 48 hours, and kept in solution of 5% sterillium or phenol and ethylen glycol for 14 months. Results: In comparison with the controls, the results showed excellent fixation in all anatomical structures with least artifacts in all examined experimental groups. Conclusion: It is concluded that using new fixator increased that using new fixator increased stiffness and quality of strate muscular tissue, improved fitation of fatty tissue, fasciae and membranes. By using this new fixation. priphral and central nerves and blood vessels were better distinguished than routhine fixator. http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-302-en.pdf Fixative Cadaver Phenol