TY - JOUR T1 - The Impact of Opium Dependence and Cigarette Smoking on Human Semen Parameters TT - JF - ASJ JO - ASJ VL - 11 IS - 4 UR - http://anatomyjournal.ir/article-1-86-en.html Y1 - 2014 SP - 189 EP - 196 KW - Opium dependence KW - Cigarette smoking KW - Semen analysis N2 - Introduction: To examine the effects of opium dependence and cigarette smoking on semen quality and sperm parameters, the semen quality of men who abuse opiates and/or smoke cigarettes was investigated in a retrospective study. Methods: Male partners of 1325 infertile couples attending the infertility clinic for intrauterine insemination (IUI) procedure were divided into non-smoking non-opium (NS/NO), smoking and non-opium (S/NO), non-smoking and opium (NS/O), smoking and opium (S/O), and opium dependence regardless of smoking status (O/RS) groups. Two samples were collected from each subject and were analyzed in accordance to WHO criteria. Results: Subjects in different groups were comparable regarding mean age, duration of abstinence, and familial history of infertility, whereas duration of infertility was longer in all groups than in NS/NO group (P M3 ER -