en Review Review <p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Introduction:</strong> Interhemispheric transmission of signal is done by corpus callosum (CC) as the largest fiber tract in brain. CC comprised 5 segments of rostrum, genu, body, isthmus, and splenium. Contradictory reports exist about sexual dimorphism of CC. We designed this study to assess probable sexual differences of CC and its different parts in men and women.<br> <strong>Methods:</strong> We analyzed magnetic resonance (MR) images of 68 females and 60 males in midsagittal view by PmsDViewer software. Data were analyzed by Student t test. These cases had no neurologic and pathologic diseases.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> MRI anthropometric analysis indicates that all segments of CC are larger in men compared to women. Moreover, our results also revealed that although all segments of CC were bigger in men, this increase in size was more prominent in the anterior segments of CC.<br> <strong>Conclusion: </strong>These findings indicate gender-related differences regarding CC segments. Notably, brain size as an interfering variable was eliminated in this study.</p> Magnetic resonance imaging, Corpus callosum, Sexual differences 117 124 http://anatomyjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-122-6&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Amir Abdolmaleki 10031947532846003518 10031947532846003518 No Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Reza Mastery Farahani mast_far@yahoo.com 10031947532846003519 10031947532846003519 Yes Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyed Kamran Ghoreishi 10031947532846003520 10031947532846003520 No Department of Statistics, Faculty of Sciences, University of Qom, Qom, Iran. Fatemeh Shaerzadeh 10031947532846003521 10031947532846003521 No Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran. Abbas Aliaghaei 10031947532846003522 10031947532846003522 No Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Seyyed Hossein Mirjavadi 10031947532846003523 10031947532846003523 No Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. Hojjat-allah Abbaszadeh 10031947532846003524 10031947532846003524 No Hearing Disorders Research Center, Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.