en Review Review <p dir="ltr" style="text-align: justify;">Articular cartilage, the load-bearing tissue of the joint, has limited repair and regeneration&nbsp;ability. The scarcity of treatment modalities for large chondral defects has motivated researchers&nbsp;to engineer cartilage tissue constructs that can meet the functional demands of this tissue in&nbsp;vivo. Cartilage tissue engineering requires 3 components: cells, scaffold, and environment.<br> Owning to their easy isolation, expansion, and multilineage differentiation, adult stem cells,&nbsp;specifically multipotential mesenchymal stem cells, are considered the proper candidate for&nbsp;tissue engineering. Successful outcome of cell-based cartilage tissue engineering ultimately&nbsp;depends on the proper differentiation of stem cells into chondrocytes and assembly of the&nbsp;appropriate cartilaginous matrix to achieve the load-bearing capabilities of the natural articular&nbsp;cartilage. Furthermore, multiple parameters such as growth factors, signaling molecules, and&nbsp;physical conditions must be considered. Adult mesenchymal stem-cell-based tissue engineering&nbsp;is a promising technology for creating a transplantable cartilage replacement to improve joint&nbsp;function.</p> Adult stem cell, Cartilage, Regeneration, Repair, Tissue engineering 191 198 http://anatomyjournal.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-73-2&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Reza Samanipour Samanipour.med@gmail.com 10031947532846001314 10031947532846001314 Yes Department of Nuclear Engineering and Science, School of Basic Engineering, Islamic Azad University of Najafabad, Isfahan, Iran. Hossein Salehi Rozveh 10031947532846001315 10031947532846001315 No Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.