Volume 12, Issue 4 (Autumn 2015)                   ASJ 2015, 12(4): 177-182 | Back to browse issues page

XML Print


1- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
Abstract:   (5444 Views)

Introduction: The Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus) is the only member of the Sciuridae family found in the Middle East. Some people maintain them as pets, thus their referrals to veterinary hospitals has been increased recently. Several morphological studies have been carried out mainly on the arch of aorta and its branches in common rodents, small mammals, and domestic animals but there are no reports on the details of the arcus aortae and its branches in the Persian squirrel despite the massive distribution of this species. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the anatomy of the arcus aortae in this species to promote future investigations in this field.
Methods: Four adult Persian squirrels were used for this research. The subjects were injected with red-colored latex into their left ventricles. Then, they were dissected and the pattern of arcus aortae branches was illustrated in the Persian squirrel.
Results: The arcus aortae branches off to the truncus brachiocephalicus and the arteria subclavia sinistra. At first the arteria carotis sinistra arises from the truncus brachiocephalicus and then continues to give off the arteria carotis dextra and arteria subclavia dextra. The subclavia dextra and sinistra branch into the same vessels, including arteria thoracica interna, arteria vertebralis, arteria cervicalis superficialis, arteria cervicalis profunda, and a common root which ramifies to the arteria scapularis dorsalis and the arteria intercostalis supreme.
Conclusion: The vessels originating from the arcus aortae showed significant differences, especially in the arteria subclavia branches compared to other rodents and small mammals.

Full-Text [PDF 1420 kb]   (4696 Downloads)    
Type of Study: Original |
Received: 2015/07/15 | Accepted: 2015/08/27 | Published: 2015/11/1

References
1. Besselsen DG. Biology of laboratory rodents. Research animal methods. In: Fox D editor. Laboratory Animal Medicine. 2nd ed. Cambridge: Massachusett Institute of Technology; 2002, pp. 443-53.
2. Thorington RW, Darrow K. Anatomy of the squirrel wrist: Bones, ligaments, and muscles. Journal of Morphology. 2000; 246(2):85-102. https://doi.org/10.1002/1097-4687(200011)246:2<85::AID-JMOR4>3.0.CO;2-5 [DOI:10.1002/1097-4687(200011)246:23.0.CO;2-5]
3. Amr ZS, Eid E, Qarqaz MA, Abu Baker MA. The Status and distribution of the Persian Squirrel, Sciurus anomalus (Mammalia: Rodentia: Sciuridae), in Dibbeen Nature Reserve, Jordan. Zoologiche Abhandlungen Staatliches Museum fur Tierkunde in Dresden. 2005; 55:199-207.
4. Casteleyn C, Trachet B, Van Loo D, Devos DG, Van den Broeck W, Simoens P, et al. Validation of the murine aortic arch as a model to study human vascular diseases. Journal of Anatomy. 2010; 216(5):563-71. [DOI:10.1111/j.1469-7580.2010.01220.x] [PMID] [PMCID]
5. Chiasson, RA. Laboratory anatomy of the white rat. 4th ed. Dubuque: Brown Company Publishers; 1980.
6. Öztürk C, Özüdoğru Z, Yeşilyurt H, Alıcı HA, Kürşad H, Gürsan N, et al. A macroanatomic comparative study on branching and course of aortic arch and vertebral arteries in rabbits and rats. Medical Journal of Ataturk University. 2003; 35(2):49-52.
7. Kabak M, Haziroglu RM. Subgross investigation of vessels originating from Arcus Aortae in Guinea-pig (Cavia porcellus). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2003; 32(6):362-6. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2003.00497.x]
8. Popesko P, Rajtová V, Horák J. Colour atlas of the anatomy of small laboratory animals. Volume one: Rabbit, Guinea pig. Edinburgh: Wolfe Publication; 1992.
9. Volmerhaus B, Habermehl KH, Schummer A, Wilkens H. The circulatory system, the skin, and the cutaneous organs of the domestic mammals. New York: Springer; 2013.
10. Aydin A. The arteries originating from the aortic arch and the branches of these arteries in red squirrels (Sciurus vulgaris). Veterinarni Medicina. 2011; 56(3):131-4.
11. Aydin A, Ozkan ZE, Yilmaz S, Ilgun R. The arteries originating from the aortic arch and the patterns of their branches in ground squirrels (Spermophilus citellus). Veterinarni Medicina. 2011; 56(9):469-72.
12. Monnereau L, Carretero A, Berges S, Navarro M, Leonard M, Lyazrhi F, et al. Mophometric study of the aortic arch and its major branches in rat fetuses on the 21st day of gestation. Anatomy and Embryology. 2005; 209(5):357-69. [DOI:10.1007/s00429-004-0449-3] [PMID]
13. Khazraiinia P, Rostami A, Haddadzadeh HR, Nassiri SM. Hematological characteristics and hemoglobin typing of the Persian Squirrel (Sciurus anomalus). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2008; 17(1):44-8. [DOI:10.1053/j.jepm.2007.12.008]
14. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature. Nomina anatomica veterinaria (NAV). Hannover: International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature; 2012.
15. Özdemir V, ÇEvİk-Demİrkan A, Türkmenoğlu I. Subgross and macroscopic investigation of blood vessels originating from aortic arch in the chinchilla (Chinchilla lanigera). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2008; 37(2):131-3. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2007.00808.x] [PMID]
16. Oliveira FS, Machado MR, Miglino MA, Nogueira TM. Gross anatomical study of the aortic ARC branches of the paca (Agouti paca, Linnaeus, 1766). Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science. 2001; 38(3):103-5. [DOI:10.1590/S1413-95962001000300001]
17. Craigie EH. Bensley's practical anatomy of the rabbit. 8th ed. Toronto, University of Toronto Press; 1979.
18. Konig HE, Liebich HG. Veterinary anatomy of domestic animals: Textbook and color atlas. 1st ed. Stuttgart, Germany: Schattauer Company; 2004.
19. Atalar Ö, Yilmaz S, Burma O, Ilkay E. The macroanatomical investigations on the aortic arch in porcupines (Hystrix cristata). Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia. 2003; 32(6):367-9. [DOI:10.1111/j.1439-0264.2003.00498.x]
20. Walker WF, Homberger DG. Anatomy and dissection of the rat. 3rd ed. London: Freeman and Company; 1998.
21. Cook MJ. The Anatomy of the Laboratory Mouse. London: Academic Press; 1965.
22. Popesko P, Rajtova V, Horak J. Colour atlas of the anatomy of small laboratory animals. Volume 2: Rat, Mouse, Hamster. London: Wolfe Publication; 1990.
23. McLaughlin AC, Chiasson RB. Laboratory Anatomy of the Rabbit. 2nd ed. Dubuque: Brown Company Publishers; 1979.

Rights and permissions
Creative Commons License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.